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Introduction: Recovery of the spinal functions after injuries is one of the biggest challenges to modern medicine. It is hardly possible to meet this challenge without modeling reconstructive spinal surgeries. In this experiment we applied the technology of spinal reconstruction through the biodegradable polymer "SpheroCel" with embryonic ensheathing stem cells.
Methods: Embryonic ensheathing glioolfactory stem cells, received from olfactory bulbs of rat embryos were applied in the experiment. Stem cells were cultivated by G. Raisman et al. method (1998], Eighty rats of Vistar line were pre-clinically tested through complete spinal injury modeling. The I" group of 20 rats (control group) undergone laminectomy on D5 level, opening of dura mater, excision of 3 mm of spinal cord and consecutive layered closure. The biodegradable polymer matrix "SpheroCel" was implanted in the diastasis zone of the 2" group (30 rats) and the biodegradable polymer matrix 'Spherogel" with ensheathing neuroepithelial stem cells of rats was implanted in the 3" group (30 rats). No immunosuppression was applied.
Results: In two months 5% of the control 1st) group recovered spinal functions; in the 2nd group 56% recovered lost functions and in the 3d group 86% regained partial or complete motor activity and control of pelvic functions. The results were verified by neurophysiologic, morphologic and immunochemical tests of spinal cord.
Conclusion: We proved that in case of special conditions created in the zone of complete spinal injury, injured spinal axons can regenerate, cyst and scar formation can be considerably reduced and neurological deficit can be largely corrected.
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